Rhinoplasty

WHAT IS RHINOPLASTY (NOSE SURGERY)?
Rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure that reshapes the nasal structure both aesthetically and functionally. Its main purpose is to provide the nose with a natural and balanced appearance proportional to the facial features, while preserving or improving respiratory functions. Nose aesthetics not only changes the external appearance; it can also positively affect the patient's breathing functions.

This operation can be performed due to congenital deformities, post-trauma deformities, aesthetic concerns, or breathing difficulties. Rhinoplasty is planned individually by considering individual anatomical features, skin thickness, cartilage structure, age, general health status, and aesthetic expectations. The application must be performed by specialist physicians within the framework of medical standards and ethical rules.

“Rhinoplasty is a surgical process that aims to achieve both functional and aesthetic harmony by preserving natural proportions without disturbing the general balance of the face.”

OPEN AND CLOSED RHINOPLASTY TECHNIQUES

Rhinoplasty operation is generally applied with two techniques: open and closed rhinoplasty. The advantages and reasons for preference of both methods are different. The appropriate technique is determined according to the patient's nasal structure, the targeted degree of correction, and the surgeon's evaluation.

Open Rhinoplasty: In this technique, the surgeon makes a small incision in the columella area between the nostrils. The nasal skin is lifted to provide direct access to the nasal skeleton. This method is especially preferred in nasal tip shaping, revision surgeries, or the correction of severe structural deformities. The fine incision scar that may occur after surgery generally loses its prominence over time.

Closed Rhinoplasty: In this method, all incisions are made from inside the nose. There is no visible scar from the outside. It is generally preferred if minor shape corrections, thinning of the nasal bridge, or slight changes in the nasal tip are to be made. The closed technique can offer the advantage of less tissue trauma and a faster recovery process. However, since the surgeon's workspace is more limited, it may not be suitable for every case.

• The open technique is preferred in cases requiring detailed intervention.
• The closed technique is suitable for minor aesthetic corrections.
• The goal in both methods is to achieve a natural and functional result compatible with the face.

PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION AND PREPARATION

The medical evaluation made before rhinoplasty is of great importance in terms of the safety and success of the surgery. The physician carefully examines the nasal structure, skin thickness, airways, and facial proportions. In addition, the patient's previous nasal surgeries, traumas, or breathing problems are evaluated.

In the preoperative period, the patient's use of blood thinners, smoking habits, allergy history, and general health status are taken into consideration. Since smoking can adversely affect wound healing, it is recommended to quit at least 2 weeks before. Before the surgery, detailed blood tests, and if necessary, tests such as lung x-ray or ECG are performed.

SURGERY PROCESS

Rhinoplasty operation is usually performed under general anesthesia and can take between 1.5 and 3 hours. In the procedure performed with an open or closed technique, the nasal bone and cartilage structure are reshaped. When necessary, the intranasal support structures are rearranged or the nasal tip form is recreated.

If functional rhinoplasty is planned, intranasal curvatures (septum deviation) or nasal concha enlargements (concha hypertrophy) are also corrected in the same session. In this way, both the aesthetic appearance and breathing function can be improved together.

At the end of the surgery, silicone tampons are placed inside the nose and a splint is placed on the outside. Silicone tampons are usually removed after 2-3 days, and the splint within 5-7 days. Patients are generally kept under observation in the hospital on the same day or overnight.

POSTOPERATIVE RECOVERY PROCESS

Mild pain, edema, and bruising may occur in the first few days after surgery. These conditions are usually temporary and can be alleviated with cold compress applications. Nasal congestion is a natural result of the operation and decreases with the removal of the tampons.

• Rest is recommended for the first week; the head should be kept in an elevated position.
• Impacts to the nose, heavy exercises, and the sun should be avoided.
• The use of glasses is not recommended for the first two months.
• Pool and sea activities should be avoided within the first 6 weeks.

Most of the swelling decreases within the first month; however, it may take 6 to 12 months for the nasal tissue to fully settle and the final shape to become evident. Regular doctor check-ups should not be interrupted during this process.

POSSIBLE RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS

Rhinoplasty is a safe procedure when performed by an experienced surgeon. However, as with any surgical intervention, there are some risks. These risks may include infection, intranasal bleeding, asymmetry, temporary smell changes, loss of sensation in the skin, or breathing difficulties.

The need for revision (second surgery) may arise in some cases if the aesthetic or functional improvement is not sufficient. Therefore, it is important to set realistic expectations and provide detailed information before the surgery.

“The goal in rhinoplasty surgery is to obtain a natural-looking, functional nasal form that is compatible with the person's facial expression. Every stage of the surgery should be planned within the framework of medical ethical rules.”

POSTOPERATIVE CONTROL AND FOLLOW-UP

Regular controls in the post-rhinoplasty period are of great importance for the healthy progression of the healing process. Within the first week, stitches are removed, and edema and bruises are monitored. At the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th-month controls, nasal shape, respiratory function, and tissue healing are evaluated.

Nasal massages, cold applications, and moisturizing spray recommended by the surgeon support the healing process. Nasal skin is usually sensitive for the first few months, so it is recommended to use high-factor sunscreen.

CONCLUSION AND GENERAL EVALUATION

Rhinoplasty is a comprehensive surgical procedure performed with both aesthetic and functional goals. Since each individual's nasal structure, skin type, and tissue response are different, results may vary personally. The best result is achieved through correct planning, an experienced surgeon, and open communication between the patient and the physician.

The decision for nose aesthetics should be made after detailed information about surgical risks, the recovery process, and expectations. According to the legal regulations determined by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey, this content is for informational purposes only; it does not replace diagnosis and treatment. The most appropriate approach for each patient is determined after a face-to-face examination by a specialist physician.